Cipher Challenge
The Measure of a Storm
Introduction
This Challenge explains how consistent weather observations become useful long-term records and how changes in instruments and methods affect those records.
Count overlapping units and compare their distributions.
Live output3,089 overlapping units
| Unit | Count | Share | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|
| K | 431 | 14.0% | 1 |
| P | 284 | 9.2% | 2 |
| Y | 274 | 8.9% | 3 |
| L | 272 | 8.8% | 4 |
| Z | 251 | 8.1% | 5 |
| Q | 211 | 6.8% | 6 |
| X | 205 | 6.6% | 7 |
| D | 202 | 6.5% | 8 |
| G | 132 | 4.3% | 9 |
| S | 116 | 3.8% | 10 |
| N | 102 | 3.3% | 11 |
| M | 93 | 3.0% | 12 |
1
P BQKABE HKPYMKZ ZKSXZG
21
JKRDLQ HDYM PL XJQKZOPYDXL
44
YMPY SPL JK SXNFPZKG HDYM
65
PLXYMKZ XJQKZOPYDXL.
83
YKNFKZPYBZK, FZKQQBZK,
102
ZPDLAPEE, MBNDGDYI, HDLG, SEXBG,
127
PLG ODQDJDEDYI KPSM ZKWBDZK P
152
GKADLKG NKYMXG. YMK LBNJKZ
174
PEXLK DQ DLSXNFEKYK HDYMXBY
198
DYQ YDNK, EXSPYDXL, BLDY, PLG
220
DLQYZBNKLY. P ZKPGDLR NPGK XL P
245
ZXXA SPLLXY PBYXNPYDSPEEI JK
270
SXNFPZKG HDYM XLK NPGK LKPZ
293
QMPGKG RZXBLG, KOKL HMKL JXYM
317
YMKZNXNKYKZQ PZK PSSBZPYK.
340
HKPYMKZ QYPYDXLQ PZK
358
YMKZKAXZK QDYKG PLG
375
NPDLYPDLKG PSSXZGDLR YX
396
GXSBNKLYKG FZPSYDSKQ.
415
YMKZNXNKYKZQ LKKG
431
OKLYDEPYDXL PLG FZXYKSYDXL
455
AZXN GDZKSY ZPGDPYDXL. ZPDL
478
RPBRKQ LKKG PL XFKLDLR SEKPZ
502
XA LKPZJI XJQYPSEKQ, PEYMXBRM
527
HDLG SPL QYDEE PAAKSY MXH NBSM
552
FZKSDFDYPYDXL YMKI SPYSM.
574
HDLG QKLQXZQ ZKWBDZK P ULXHL
598
MKDRMY PLG KCFXQBZK.
615
OKRKYPYDXL RZXHQ, JBDEGDLRQ
639
PFFKPZ, PLG DLQYZBNKLYQ GZDAY,
664
QX YMK QBZZXBLGDLRQ PLG
684
KWBDFNKLY PZK DLQFKSYKG
705
ZKFKPYKGEI ZPYMKZ YMPL
725
ZKSXZGKG XLEI XL
739
DLQYPEEPYDXL GPI.
754
XJQKZOKZQ PGG DLAXZNPYDXL
777
YMPY PBYXNPYDS QKLQXZQ NPI
800
LXY SPFYBZK HKEE. YMKI
818
DGKLYDAI SEXBG AXZNQ, LXYK
840
HMKYMKZ FZKSDFDYPYDXL APEEQ
865
PQ ZPDL, QLXH, XZ MPDE, PLG ZKSXZG
890
BLBQBPE GPNPRK. SXLQDQYKLY
913
OXSPJBEPZI NPYYKZQ. DA XLK
935
XJQKZOKZ BQKQ P YKZN
952
GDAAKZKLYEI AZXN YMK LKCY, PL
976
PFFPZKLY SMPLRK NPI JKEXLR YX
1001
YMK ZKSXZG ZPYMKZ YMPL YMK
1023
HKPYMKZ. YZPDLDLR, ZKAKZKLSK
1047
GKADLDYDXLQ, PLG XOKZEPF
1068
JKYHKKL QYPAA MKEF FZKQKZOK
1092
SXLYDLBDYI.
1102
DLQYZBNKLYQ DLKODYPJEI
1123
SMPLRK. P LKH QKLQXZ NPI
1142
ZKQFXLG APQYKZ, BQK P
1159
GDAAKZKLY QMKEYKZ, XZ ZKSXZG
1183
PY QMXZYKZ DLYKZOPEQ. NXODLR P
1208
QYPYDXL JI P QNPEE GDQYPLSK
1231
SPL KCFXQK DY YX PLXYMKZ QEXFK,
1256
QBZAPSK, XZ HDLG FPYYKZL. YMKQK
1281
SMPLRKQ PZK GXSBNKLYKG DL
1303
NKYPGPYP. ZKQKPZSMKZQ SPL
1325
SXNFPZK XOKZEPFFDLR
1343
DLQYZBNKLYQ PLG LKPZJI
1363
QYPYDXLQ YX KQYDNPYK HMKYMKZ
1388
P JZKPU DL YMK QKZDKQ SPNK AZXN
1413
YMK SEDNPYK XZ AZXN YMK
1432
XJQKZODLR QIQYKN. YMKI GX LXY
1456
QDNFEI QFEDSK KOKZI LBNJKZ
1479
YXRKYMKZ PQ DA YMK NKYMXGQ MPG
1504
ZKNPDLKG DGKLYDSPE.
1521
QYXZNQ FEPSK QFKSDPE GKNPLGQ
1546
XL YMK LKYHXZU. KCYZKNK HDLG
1569
SPL GDQPJEK FXHKZ, JEXSU ZXPGQ,
1594
XZ GPNPRK YMK DLQYZBNKLY
1615
DLYKLGKG YX NKPQBZK DY. MKPOI
1639
ZPDL SPL KCSKKG P RPBRK'Q
1659
SPFPSDYI, HMDEK JEXHDLR QLXH
1683
SPL FPQQ PZXBLG DYQ XFKLDLR.
1706
ZKGBLGPLY QYPYDXLQ, JPSUBF
1729
FXHKZ, NPLBPE ZKFXZYQ, ZPGPZ,
1752
QPYKEEDYKQ, PLG NKPQBZKNKLYQ
1777
AZXN PDZSZPAY FZXODGK
1796
GDAAKZKLY ODKHQ.
1810
GDQPRZKKNKLY PNXLR YMKN DQ
1833
DLOKQYDRPYKG JKSPBQK KPSM
1856
XJQKZOKQ P GDAAKZKLY FPZY XA
1880
YMK KOKLY.
1888
EXLR ZKSXZGQ XAYKL QBZODOK
1911
YMZXBRM XZGDLPZI FPFKZ AXZNQ.
1936
QMDFQ' EXRQ, APZN GDPZDKQ,
1956
XJQKZOPYXZI JXXUQ, PLG
1975
RXOKZLNKLY ZKRDQYKZQ
1994
SXLYPDL XJQKZOPYDXLQ NPGK
2017
JKAXZK KEKSYZXLDS QYXZPRK.
2040
ZKSXOKZDLR YMKN ZKWBDZKQ
2062
SPZKABE YZPLQSZDFYDXL PLG PL
2087
DNPRK XA YMK XZDRDLPE FPRK QX
2111
BLSKZYPDL MPLGHZDYDLR SPL JK
2136
SMKSUKG. GPYKQ, EXSPE YDNK
2157
SXLOKLYDXLQ, DLQYZBNKLY
2178
LXYKQ, PLG SMPLRKG FEPSK LPNKQ
2203
NBQY JK ZKQXEOKG. P YIFKG
2223
LBNJKZ HDYMXBY YMPY SXLYKCY
2247
NPI SZKPYK APEQK FZKSDQDXL.
2270
WBPEDYI SXLYZXE EXXUQ AXZ
2292
DNFXQQDJEK OPEBKQ, QBGGKL
2314
VBNFQ, ZKFKPYKG LBNJKZQ, PLG
2337
DLSXLQDQYKLSDKQ JKYHKKL
2359
ZKEPYKG NKPQBZKNKLYQ. PL
2380
BLBQBPE XJQKZOPYDXL DQ LXY
2403
GKEKYKG NKZKEI JKSPBQK DY DQ
2427
ZPZK; ZPZK KOKLYQ PZK XAYKL YMK
2452
ZKPQXL YMK ZKSXZG NPYYKZQ.
2474
DLQYKPG, YMK XZDRDLPE KLYZI,
2497
LKDRMJXZDLR QYPYDXLQ,
2516
NPDLYKLPLSK ZKFXZYQ, PLG
2537
ULXHL HKPYMKZ QDYBPYDXL PZK
2561
SXNFPZKG. SXZZKSYDXLQ ZKNPDL
2586
YZPSKPJEK, PLG BLSKZYPDL GPYP
2611
SPL JK NPZUKG ZPYMKZ YMPL
2632
QDEKLYEI ZKFPDZKG.
2648
XLSK NPDLYPDLKG, YMKQK
2667
ZKSXZGQ QKZOK NPLI FBZFXQKQ.
2691
AXZKSPQY SKLYKZQ QYBGI
2711
ZKSKLY SXLGDYDXLQ, KLRDLKKZQ
2736
KQYDNPYK EXPGQ PLG GZPDLPRK
2760
LKKGQ, APZNKZQ SXNFPZK
2779
QKPQXLQ, PLG SEDNPYK
2796
ZKQKPZSMKZQ KCPNDLK SMPLRKQ
2821
PSZXQQ GKSPGKQ. LX QDLREK
2842
QYPYDXL GKQSZDJKQ PL KLYDZK
2866
ZKRDXL, PLG LX DQXEPYKG QYXZN
2890
KQYPJEDQMKQ P EXLR-YKZN YZKLG.
2915
OPEBK PSSBNBEPYKQ YMZXBRM
2938
SXLQDQYKLY XJQKZOPYDXL,
2959
KCFEDSDY SMPLRKQ, PLG
2977
FZKQKZOPYDXL. YMK NXQY
2996
DNFXZYPLY NKPQBZKNKLY DL P
3019
SKLYBZI-EXLR QKZDKQ NPI MPOK
3043
QKKNKG KLYDZKEI ZXBYDLK XL
3066
YMK GPI QXNKXLK HZXYK DY GXHL.
Compare word shapes, terminals, contacts, and reversals.
Live output537 words · 339 distinct
| Word | Pattern | Count | Start positions |
|---|---|---|---|
PLG | 1.2.3 | 21 | 127, 217, 372, 442, 604, 645 +15 |
YMK | 1.2.3 | 18 | 165, 666, 967, 1001, 1020, 1396 +12 |
P | 1 | 16 | 1, 151, 230, 244, 592, 947 +10 |
SPL | 1.2.3 | 9 | 48, 531, 1231, 1322, 1569, 1643 +3 |
PL | 1.2 | 6 | 31, 488, 974, 2085, 2378, 2858 |
PZK | 1.2.3 | 6 | 329, 355, 693, 1288, 2441, 2558 |
ZKSXZG | 1.2.3.4.1.5 | 5 | 15, 884, 1004, 1177, 2461 |
JK | 1.2 | 5 | 51, 268, 2134, 2207, 2614 |
HDLG | 1.2.3.4 | 5 | 118, 527, 574, 1265, 1565 |
YX | 1.2 | 5 | 394, 999, 1242, 1371, 1623 |
AZXN | 1.2.3.4 | 5 | 455, 963, 1409, 1425, 1777 |
NPI | 1.2.3 | 5 | 797, 990, 1139, 2247, 3036 |
Terminals
| Sequence | Initial | Final |
|---|---|---|
YM | 36 | 4 |
ZK | 31 | 20 |
LG | 0 | 30 |
KG | 0 | 29 |
PL | 29 | 18 |
YMK | 28 | 18 |
XL | 8 | 25 |
KQ | 3 | 23 |
KZ | 0 | 22 |
PLG | 21 | 21 |
DXL | 0 | 20 |
DL | 19 | 10 |
Contacts
| Letter | Left | Right |
|---|---|---|
A | 7: D 8, K 7, A 6, X 6, P 3, L 2, Z 1 | 9: P 7, X 7, A 6, K 6, Z 5, Y 4, B 2, D 2, I 1 |
B | 17: Q 12, X 11, L 8, P 6, Z 6, W 5, Y 5, S 4, N 3, A 2, E 2, J 2, F 1, G 1, M 1, U 1, V 1 | 13: N 15, Z 14, L 9, Q 8, D 6, P 5, R 5, Y 5, E 4, G 4, K 2, F 1, S 1 |
C | 1: K 8 | 4: F 3, Y 3, P 1, S 1 |
D | 18: Y 44, P 19, G 17, H 11, Q 11, Z 11, E 8, O 7, S 7, B 6, L 6, R 6, F 3, A 2, K 2, M 2, N 2, J 1 | 16: L 65, X 29, Y 27, Q 15, N 10, A 8, Z 8, E 7, S 7, F 5, K 5, R 5, G 4, J 3, P 3, O 1 |
E | 15: P 20, K 10, E 8, D 7, J 7, F 6, S 6, B 4, X 3, Y 2, Z 2, G 1, L 1, Q 1, R 1 | 12: X 15, K 11, P 10, I 9, D 8, E 8, Q 3, B 2, Y 2, F 1, G 1, O 1 |
F | 12: N 11, P 7, D 5, K 5, Q 4, C 3, F 3, X 3, B 1, E 1, I 1, Z 1 | 11: P 13, K 11, X 10, Z 9, E 6, D 3, F 3, Q 2, Y 2, B 1, N 1 |
G | 9: L 36, K 32, P 14, Z 10, B 4, D 4, G 2, X 2, E 1 | 11: D 17, K 17, P 9, Q 7, X 4, G 2, Z 2, B 1, E 1, H 1, I 1 |
H | 4: X 10, Y 3, K 2, G 1 | 7: D 11, K 9, M 4, L 3, Q 2, Z 2, X 1 |
I | 11: E 9, P 7, Y 6, Z 6, J 3, K 3, A 1, G 1, L 1, O 1, Q 1 | 2: F 1, Q 1 |
J | 6: X 11, P 5, N 4, D 3, Z 2, M 1 | 9: K 17, Q 11, E 7, I 3, X 3, B 2, D 1, P 1, Z 1 |
K | 19: Z 83, M 51, Y 49, N 32, Q 32, L 22, O 20, G 17, J 17, R 16, S 16, E 11, F 11, H 9, K 9, A 6, D 5, B 2, U 2 | 20: Z 70, L 52, Q 37, G 32, P 27, S 25, Y 14, N 13, E 10, K 9, C 8, A 7, F 5, O 5, R 4, W 4, I 3, D 2, H 2, X 1 |
L | 10: D 65, P 57, X 57, K 52, B 9, H 3, Q 2, U 2, Z 2, L 1 | 16: Y 45, G 36, Q 27, R 27, K 22, X 14, S 9, B 8, D 6, P 6, A 2, O 2, E 1, I 1, L 1, N 1 |
Reversals
KZ 70 · ZK 83PY 56 · YP 24KL 52 · LK 22DL 65 · LD 6DY 27 · YD 44LX 14 · XL 57KQ 37 · QK 32KY 14 · YK 49LP 6 · PL 57MY 1 · YM 57XZ 38 · ZX 20PZ 31 · ZP 20A
B
Plain
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZThe cipher alphabet must contain exactly 26 letters.