DecipherTechnical reference

Ciphers

Beaufort cipher

A reciprocal repeating-Key cipher using Key minus plaintext.

Also found as standard Beaufort · reciprocal Beaufort

How it works

Beaufort uses the same values and repeating keyword as Vigenère. The difference is the subtraction: Key minus plaintext. The operation is reciprocal because K − (K − P) gives P modulo 26. This means Encrypt and Decrypt run the same letter calculation in Decipher.ACA BeaufortMilitary Cryptanalysis, Part II

Cᵢ = (Kᵢ − Pᵢ) mod 26Pᵢ = (Kᵢ − Cᵢ) mod 26

Worked example

ACA convention vector
Keyword
RECIPROCAL
Plaintext
CEQUALSKMINUSP
Ciphertext
PAMOPGWSODEKKT
ACA Beaufort

What to look for

Look for the period in much the same way as Vigenère, then split the text by Key position. The arithmetic is different: ordinary Vigenère with the same keyword gives the wrong result. Test the formula as well as the period.

Sources

  1. American Cryptogram Association, Beaufort instructions
  2. William F. Friedman, Military Cryptanalysis, Part II