DecipherTechnical reference

Ciphers

Columnar transposition

Write text across rows and read columns in a Key-defined order.

Also found as keyed columnar · incomplete columnar · columnar transposition cipher

How it works

The number of Key entries gives the grid width. Write the text across rows, then read the columns from the lowest Key rank to the highest. Decipher stores one unique rank for each physical column. If a keyword contains repeated letters, rank equal letters from left to right.Friedman, Codes and CiphersACA Incomplete Columnar

Numeric Key 3 1 2
Input
UNFILLEDBLOCK
Rows
UNF / ILL / EDB / LOC / K
Read ranks
column 2, then 3, then 1
Ciphertext
NLDOFLBCUIELK
ACA Incomplete Columnar

Incomplete final rows

No padding is added. When the last row is short, the leftmost physical columns have one extra character. To decrypt, work out which ciphertext segments fill the long and short columns, put them back, then read across the rows.ACA Incomplete Columnar

What to look for

The letter counts stay unchanged, so the frequencies can look normal even when words and common letter pairs are broken. Test likely widths, column lengths, orders, reversals, and read directions as explicit grid arrangements. Judge each guess by the adjacencies it restores.Military Cryptanalysis, Part IVGaines, Cryptanalysis

How Decipher handles it

Decipher removes whitespace before transposition. Everything else, including punctuation, digits, emoji, and accented letters, is moved as a user-perceived character. Spaces added when displaying the ciphertext are not part of the Key.

Sources

  1. William F. Friedman, Codes and Ciphers (Cryptology)
  2. American Cryptogram Association, Incomplete Columnar Transposition instructions
  3. William F. Friedman, Military Cryptanalysis, Part IV
  4. Helen Fouché Gaines, Cryptanalysis